Thanks, Lucky, I appreciate the compliment.
TS, while in terms of casualty numbers, you are partially correct; the MG's and such deal out more raw firepower. This being said, the importance of rifles can not be understated in terms of infantry combat, then or now. Regardless of advances in weapons technology, the rifle has reigned supreme as the weapon of choice for the basic infantryman. Even with assault rifles having burst and automatic fire capabilities, precision rifle fire, one shot at a time, is still the basis of infantry combat, and has been almost since the rifle's inception. There is a reason that even in the 21st century the rifle is the preferred weapon of the Infantryman. If it were all about firepower, or the raw number of rounds down range, the U.S. Army would just issue everyone M240's. They don't. They still issue M16's. Even during the Vietnam War era, when full automatic fire was seen as preferable to precise semi-automatic fire, rifles were still issued as the basic infantryman's weapon. Even during that time, the U.S. had the industrial capabilities to issue every soldier with an M60, but did not. Let's say weight is the only consideration. Enter the M249 Squad Automatic Weapon. At approximately 16 pounds, that weapon is a full ten pounds lighter than the M60. This still was not issued as the primary infantryman's weapon. Whether in World War II or today, the rifle is still at the heart of infantry warfare.
The basic infantry rifle had been a major contributing factor in warfare up to the beginning of World War II, and the K98 was one of the best rifles of its time, which should be noted began prior to World War I as the Gewehr 98 (the K98 is simply a shortened version; the action and function are unchanged). Nazi Germany failed to compete effectively with the U.S. produced M1 Garand and the Soviet Tokarev SVT 40. This can partially be blamed on Germany's obsession with new technology, but to a greater extent on the proven battlefield success of the K98. Initially, the K98 was seen by German military leadership as one of the few areas in the Wehrmacht that did not need significant improvement, thus the research and development efforts were focused elsewhere. Other significant military forces of the period used bolt action rifles, such as the Lee Enfield SMLE of the British Army (and many others) and the Springfield M1903 of the United States (the M1 Garand was initially in short supply, and the M1903 was issued regularly as a stopgap measure until approximately 1942). Early battlefield reports backed up these beliefs. The rifle had proven accuracy at ranges up to 2000m, legendary reliability, a ready supply of parts and ammunition, and such a simple design that it was very easy to train soldiers on. These were all contributing factors to the Mauser K98's success. The characteristics of warfare had changed dramatically by World War II, however, and extreme accuracy to the level of the K98 was not nearly as important as sustained rate of fire. Specifically, it was not until the Nazis encountered significant resistance at the hands of the Soviets, armed with the new Tokarev SVT 40's, that feelings on this subject began to change. In fact, the captured Tokarev SVT 40 rifles were the basis for the design of the Gewehr 41, which was later improved to the Gewehr 43.
The M1 Garand had several of the same qualities of the K98: reliability, simplicity of design, ease of use, a high degree of accuracy, and a ready supply of parts and ammunition. What the Garand also had that the K98 lacked was a high sustained rate of fire due to being semi-automatic versus bolt action as well as having a much faster reload time. These two major improvements allowed U.S. infantrymen to provide a much higher volume of firepower on the battlefield than their German counterparts. By the time that leadership of the Third Reich realized their mistake and began to take steps to adopt a semi-automatic rifle as standard armament for the Wehrmacht, it would prove to be too little, too late, especially once Germany was engaged with U.S. forces equipped with the M1 Garand. Germany learned this lesson the hard way, but was unable to refit an entire army with a completely new primary weapon system while at war, especially with factories and other logistical assets facing destruction at the hands of Allied bombers and saboteurs on a regular basis. It could be argued that this was a major factor contributing to Germany's loss in World War II.
Machine guns and mortars, just like all infantry weapons, have specific roles to fulfill on the battlefield. The rifle is no exception. Nazi Germany, strictly speaking from a standpoint of innovation in the arena of military technology, was one of the most advanced countries on the planet in its day. I am no fan of the ideology, politics, or world views, by any stretch of the imagination. Their technological feats, however, speak for themselves. Whether you look at feats of rocketry (V series theater ballistic missiles) aircraft development (Me 163b Komet rocket powered aircraft, or Me 262 Sturmvogel, world's first operational jet powered aircraft) naval warfare (U Boats, "Wolfpack" submarine versus surface fleet tactics), land warfare (Panzer series tanks, in particular the Panther), combined arms tactics ("Blitzkrieg" which is the basis for all modern conventional warfare to this day) or infantry small arms such as the StG 44, the world's first true assault rifle, or the FG 42, which would have had this distinction had it not been for its use of a full size rifle cartridge.
To expand further on Nazi Germany's small arms development, consider the following. This is just a small sample of the small arms developed and fielded by the Nazis during WWII in an attempt to gain a technological edge on the battlefield. From 1939 to 1945, Nazi Germany produced and fielded the following infantry weapon systems.
- FG 42 - Airborne forces assault rifle
- Gewehr 41 - Semi-automatic rifle
- Gewehr 43 - Semi-automatic rifle
- Sturmgewehr 44 - Assault rifle
- Karabiner 98K - Bolt-action rifle
- MG 08 - Heavy water-cooled machine gun (WWI design, phased out by 1942)
- MG 15 - General-purpose air-cooled machine gun (originally an aircraft defense weapon, later many were modified for infantry use)
- MG 34 - General-purpose air-cooled machine gun
- MG 42 - General-purpose air-cooled machine gun
- MG 81 - General-purpose air-cooled machine gun (originally an aircraft defense weapon, later many were modified for infantry use)
- MP 28 - Submachine gun
- MP3008 (commonly referred to as the Erma) - Submachine gun
- MP 34 - Submachine Gun
- MP 38 - Submachine gun
- MP 40 - Submachine gun
- MP 41 - Submachine gun
- Pistole 08 (Luger) - Semi-automatic pistol
- Walther P38 - Semi-automatic pistol
- Walther PP - Semi-automatic pistol
- Panzerb?chse 38 - Antitank rifle
- Panzerb?chse 39 - Antitank rifle
- Panzerfaust 30/60/100/150 - Single Shot disposable antitank rocket launcher (number refers to effective range
- Panzershreck - Antitank rocket launcher
This list does not include multiple prototype weapons, private venture weapons, weapons that were not formally adopted, foreign produced weapons that were adopted for use, and special purpose weapons (such as the Flammenwerfer series of flamethrowers), that were developed or used but not as broadly during this time frame.
The above pieces of information, specifically items such as weapon designations and features, were pulled from a variety of sources, many in print versus online. I will be happy to provide sources upon request, however have not done so with this post, simply because I did not want to spend the time looking up information that is general knowledge, or readily available to me in print that I did not want to look up a source for online. Other items are my own conclusions, and as such are my personal opinions, drawn from the available information. Feel free to agree or disagree at your discretion. I welcome constructive criticism and debate.
Sorry to be long winded, but this is one of my favorite subjects, if you couldn't tell.
